Retos para la evaluación de modelos basados en procesos de intercambio de gases en rodales con diversas especies
Resumen
Los modelos con base fisiológica (o basados en procesos) se aplican habitualmente para describir las respuestas de la planta mecanísticamente dependiendo de las condiciones ambientales. Son evaluados cada vez más frecuentemente con mediciones de eddy-covariance que integran el intercambio de carbono y el agua de una superficie de varias hectáreas. Sin embargo, casi todos los modelos aplicados hasta la fecha han considerado sólo las especies arbóreas dominantes y se han descuidado otras especies que contribuyen a las tasas de intercambio gaseosos medidas- ya sea en zonas separadas o en mezcla. Esto disminuye la posibilidad de transferir el modelo de un sitio a otro debido a que las contribuciones de otras especies pueden ser diferentes. Por tanto, es un reto importante en la modelización separar el intercambio gaseoso medido por fuente emisora. En este estudio, se aplica un modelo detallado con base fisiológica de la biosfera que permite distinguir entre las especies de árboles en bosques mixtos, considerándolas como «cohortes de vegetación» que interaccionan unos con otros. Se estudia la sensibilidad del modelo a los diferentes supuestos acerca de cómo contribuyen las diferentes especies de árboles a una medición integrada de intercambio de gases a escala de rodal. El estudio se lleva a cabo en un sitio forestal en Finlandia con dominancia de pino silvestre, pero con una presencia importante de piceas y abedules. Los resultados demuestran que la estructura del bosque afecta a la simulación de las tasas de intercambio gaseosos, indicando una posible importancia de considerar las diferencias en las propiedades fisiológicas a nivel de especie. Se discute como variación de la estructura de la masa dentro del rango de las mediciones de eddy-covariance debe ser tenida mejor en cuenta en los modelos y que las mediciones de los inventarios deben considerar esta variación.Descargas
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