Recambio en la composición arbórea y la acumulación de carbono durante 22 años en un fragmento de bosque húmedo premontano en Costa Rica

Palabras clave: biomasa aérea, diversidad de árboles, estructura forestal, regeneración natural, sucesión en bosques secundarios

Resumen

Objetivo del estudio: Los bosques tropicales están amenazados por la deforestación y la fragmentación. En Costa Rica, la dinámica ecológica en paisajes fragmentados es poco comprendida. Este estudio evaluó los cambios en la diversidad de árboles, composición, estructura y acumulación de carbono durante un período de 22 años (2000-2022) en un fragmento de bosque húmedo premontano en Costa Rica. Área de estudio: Bosque Municipal de Atenas (26.4 ha), Alajuela, Costa Rica. Material y métodos: Identificamos los árboles en 32 parcelas de 10 m de radio en el 2000, y 33 parcelas en el 2022. Analizamos la diversidad y composición utilizando el índice de disimilitud de Bray-Curtis, los números de Hill y el Índice de Valor de Importancia. Evaluamos la estructura forestal y el carbono usando histogramas, PERMANOVA y ecuaciones alométricas. Resultados principales: Identificamos 71 especies y 69 géneros en el 2000 (N = 535), y 62 especies y 60 géneros en 2022 (N = 534). Encontramos un 76% de similitud en la abundancia de géneros entre ambos años, y una dominancia de Inga densiflora Benth y la invasora Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston. El cambio hacia géneros de sucesión intermedia y tardía sugiere procesos sucesionales en curso. El carbono acumulado aumentó de 1.847,2 a 3.903,7 tC (70.0 tC/ ha en 2000 y 147,9 tC/ha en 2022), acercándose a los valores reportados para bosques primarios. Estos cambios podrían estar influenciados por la presencia de individuos de gran tamaño como Ficus y Anacardium excelsum (Bertero & Balb.) Skeels. Aspectos destacados de la investigación: Estos hallazgos resaltan la importancia de conservar fragmentos de bosques en paisajes antropogénicos, los cuales pueden contribuir a la recuperación forestal, la resiliencia ecológica, la acumulación de carbono y la mitigación del cambio climático.

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Publicado
2026-07-08
Cómo citar
Cambronero, M., Araya-Yannarella, F., Holmes, L., & Cass, J. (2026). Recambio en la composición arbórea y la acumulación de carbono durante 22 años en un fragmento de bosque húmedo premontano en Costa Rica. Forest Systems, 35(1), 21062. https://doi.org/10.5424/fs/2026351-21062
Sección
Artículos de investigación