Índices basados en la distancia para evaluar la diversidad de la madera muerta en los ecosistemas forestales: una aplicación en los Alpes italianos
Resumen
Objetivo del estudio: Evaluar la eficacia de los índices distancia-dependientes en la caracterización de la diversidad de madera muerta a nivel de rodal.
Área de estudio: Cuatro tipos de bosques en los Alpes italianos (región de Trentino-Alto Adigio): bosques de pícea común, bosques mixtos de abeto blanco–pícea común, bosques de alerce europeo y bosques de haya europea.
Materiales y métodos: Para evaluar la diversidad de madera muerta en cuatro rodales (40 parcelas de muestreo), se aplicaron índices dependientes de la distancia de la literatura para evaluar la estructura de los rodales. El rendimiento se evaluó comparando el método del “grupo estructural de cuatro”, que considera los cuatro elementos de madera muerta más cercanos al centro de la parcela, con el método de muestreo de área fija, que incluye todos los elementos de madera muerta en la parcela (531 m2).
Resultados principales: Los resultados mostraron un volumen medio de madera muerta de 18,65 m3 ha-1 y una mayor diversidad de maderas muerta por especie, clase de deterioro y tamaño para los bosques europeos de haya que los otros tres tipos de bosque. El test no paramétrico de rangos con signo de Wilcoxon no mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas en ninguno en los índices calculados utilizando los tres y cinco elementos de madera muerta más cercanos en comparación con aquellos calculados con todos los elementos presentes en las parcelas.
Conclusiones del estudio: Los índices espaciales dependientes de la distancia han demostrado ser eficaces para caracterizar la diversidad de madera muerta a nivel de plantación. El método de muestreo del “grupo estructural de cuatro” resultó ser el más eficiente, ya que la inclusión de elementos adicionales más allá de cuatro no mejoró significativamente la precisión. Este enfoque representa una herramienta fiable y eficiente en tiempo para evaluar la diversidad de la madera muerta.
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