El cambio en el uso del suelo forestal afecta al carbono orgánico del suelo en los bosques secos tropicales de la Amazonía peruana
Resumen
Objetivo del estudio: La pérdida de cobertura forestal es un problema global que altera los ecosistemas, contribuyendo a las emisiones de carbono. Este estudio midió el carbono orgánico del suelo (COS) a diferentes profundidades en los bosques secos tropicales de la Huallaga Central en la Amazonía peruana.
Área de estudio: Región de San Martín, Amazonía peruana.
Material y métodos: Se seleccionaron un total de 24 parcelas de 100 m² en bosques primarios (~200 años), intervenidos (~50 años desde la intervención), y deforestados (hace 10 años), con 120 muestras de suelo recolectadas a cinco profundidades. Se calcularon la textura del suelo (hidrómetro), la densidad aparente (método del cilindro), el contenido de COS, la densidad de COS, y la erodabilidad (parámetro K).
Resultados principales: El contenido de COS en el horizonte de suelo de 0-20 cm fue de 79.5±21.3 t ha-1 para el bosque primario, 58.5±11.8 t ha-1 para el bosque intervenido y 41.8±10 t ha-1 para el bosque deforestado. Se observó una erodabilidad K de 0.065 para los bosques primarios y de 0.076 y 0.093 para los bosques intervenidos y deforestados, respectivamente. En promedio, la densidad de COS obtenida en este estudio fue de 7.6±5.1 t ha-1 en el bosque primario, 6.2±3.6 t ha-1 en el bosque intervenido y 4.7±2.7 t ha-1 en el bosque deforestado.
Aspectos destacados de la investigación: Los bosques primarios presentaron el mayor contenido de COS y densidad de COS, seguidos por los bosques intervenidos y deforestados, mientras que el patrón opuesto se encontró para la erodabilidad del suelo. Estos patrones fueron especialmente marcados en los primeros 40 cm de profundidad del suelo.
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