Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold subsp. calabrica (Poir.) of the Fallistro Biogenetic Natural Reserve: state of “Giant pines” stand after 40 years of observations
Abstract
Aim of study: (1) to assess structural parameters of Giant pines; (2) to compare three several inventories and relative parameters; (3) to assess mechanical stability of Giant pines.
Area of study: Sila National Park, Calabria, Italy.
Material and methods: Mechanical stability assessment and full dendrometric analysis were used.
Main results: 40 years after the first measurements on the Giant pines, the most emblematic trees of the population confirmed the peculiar ecological characteristics of Calabrian pines: their posture, rapidity of growth, productivity and longevity. The pine forest containing 46 healthy monumental trees. The Ht/DBH ratio slightly decreased from first to last inventory. The decrease of the Ht/DBH ratio correspond to the increase of mechanical stability of trees.
Research highlights: the importance of preserving the Fallistro Biogenetic Natural Reserve as a source of biodiversity and to maintain the high ecological stability that characterize this important Italian forest area.
Keywords: Old-growth forest; Biodiversity conservation; Sustainable forestry; Calabrian pine; Forest ecology; deadwood.
Downloads
References
Allegri E, 1954. Pino nero, Pino laricio. Monti e Boschi 11-12: 525-530.
Artese C, 2015. Monumental trees of Abruzzo: from knowledge to the protection. Ita J For Mount Env 70 (6): 453-462. https://doi.org/10.4129/ifm.2015.6.05
Anzilotti F, 1950. Il pino laricio silano. Monti e Boschi 3: 107-116.
Arpacal, 2016. http://cfd.calabria.it
Avolio S, Ciancio O, 1985. The Sila giants. Ann Ist Sperim Selvic 16: 373-421.
Becagli C, Puletti N, Chiavetta U, Cantiani P, Salvati L, Fabbio G, 2013. Early impact of alternative thinning approaches on structure diversity and complexity at stand level in two beech forests in Italy. Ann Silvic Res 37(1): 55-63.
Bengtsson J, Nilsson SG, Franc A, Menozzi P, 2000. Biodiversity, disturbances, ecosystem function and management of European forests. For Ecol Manag 132: 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00378-9
Bigler C, Veblen TT, 2009. Increased early growth rates decrease longevities of conifers in subalpine forests. Oikos 118: 1130-1138. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2009.17592.x
Black BA, Colbert JJ, Pederson N, 2008. Relationship between radial growth rates and lifespan within North American species. Ecoscience 15: 349-357. https://doi.org/10.2980/15-3-3149
Blasi C, Burrascano S, Maturani A, Sabatini FM, 2010. Old-growth Forests in Italy. A thematic contribution to the National Biodiversity Strategy. Ministero per la Protezione dell'Ambiente, del Territorio e del Mare. ISBN 978-88-6060-270-1
Bonavita S 2012. Genetic diversity assessment in pinus laricio poiret populations using microsatellites analysis and inferences on population history. PhD thesis, University of Calabria.
Bonavita S, Vendramin GG, Bernardini V, Avolio S, Regina TMR, 2016. The first SSR-based assessment of genetic variation and structure among Pinus laricio Poiret populations within their native area. Plant Biosyst 150 (6): 1271-1281. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2015.1027316
Bragg DC, Kershner JL, 1999. Coarse woody debris in Riparian Zones. J For 4: 30-35.
Cannizzaro S, Corinto GL, 2014. The role of monumental trees in defining local identity and in tourism. a case study in the Marches region. Geo J 1 (1): 29-48.
Cantiani P, Chiavetta U, 2015. Estimating the mechanical stability of Pinus nigra Arn. using an alternative approach across several plantations in central Italy. iForest 8: 846-852. https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor1300-007
Castagneri D, Storaunet KO, Rolstad J, 2012. Longevity and growth patterns of ancient Norway spruce trees in Trillemarka forest, Norway. In: Age and growth-patterns of old Norway spruce trees in Trillemarka forest, Norway, Scandinavian J Forest Res. https://doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2012.724082
Chiavetta U, Skudnik M, Becagli C, Bertini G, Ferretti F, Cantiani P, Di Salvatore U, Fabbio G, 2016. Diversity of structure through silviculture Diversity of structure through silviculture. Ital J Agron 11(April): 18-22.
Cremer KW, Borough CJ, McKinnell FH, Carter PR, 1982. Effects of stocking and thinning on wind damage in plantations. N Z J For Sci 12: 244-268.
De Meo I, Agnelli AE, Graziani A, Kitikidou K, Lagomarsino A, Milios E, Radoglou K, Paletto A, 2018. Deadwood volume assessment in Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) peri-urban forests: Comparison between two sampling methods. J Sust For 36 (7): 666-686. https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2017.1345685
Di Castri F, Godall DW, Specht RL, 1981. Mediterranean type shrublands. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Farjon A, 2013. Pinus nigra ssp. laricio. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: eT20453493A20453502. http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/20453493/0
Holub SM, Spears JDH, Lajtha K, 2001. A reanalysis of nutrient dynamics in coniferous coarse woody debris. Can J For Res 31: 1894-1902. https://doi.org/10.1139/x01-125
Horák J, 2017. Insect ecology and veteran trees. J Ins Cons 21:1-5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-017-9953-7
Humphrey JW, Sippola AL, Lempérière G, Dodelin B, Alexander KNA, Butler JE, 2004. Necromass as an indicator of biodiversity in European forests: From theory to operational guidance. In M. Marchetti (eds.), Monitoring and indicators of forest biodiversity in Europe - from ideas to operationality. Joensuu, Finland: EFI Proceedings 51, pp. 193-206.
Johnson SE, Abrams MC, 2009. Age class, longevity and growth rate relationships: protracted growth increases in old trees in the eastern United States. Tree Physiology 29: 1317-1328. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpp068
Kalies EL, Haubensak KA, Finkral AJ, 2016. A meta-analysis of management effects on forest carbon storage. J Sust For 35 (5): 311-323. https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2016.1154471
Krankina ON, Harmon ME, 1994. The impact of intensive forest management on carbon stores in forest ecosystems. W J Res Rev 6: 161-177.
La Fauci A, Bagnato S, Gugliotta OI, Mercurio R, 2006. First observations on dead wood in Calabrian pine (Pinus laricio Poiret) stands in the Aspromonte National Park (Italy). Forest@ 3: 54-62. https://doi.org/10.3832/efor0344-0030054
Latham P, Zuuring H, Coble D, 1998. A Method For Quantifying Vertical Forest Structure. For Ecol Manag 104 (1-3): 157-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00254-5
Le Pera E, Sorriso-Valvo M, 2000. Weathering and morphogenesis in a mediterranean climate, Calabria, Italy. Geomorphology 34: 251-270. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(00)00012-X
Marchi M, Chiavetta U, Cantiani P, 2017. Assessing the mechanical stability of trees in artificial plantations of Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold using the LWN tool under different site indexes. Ann Silvic Res 41: 48-53.
Marchi M, Paletto A, Cantiani P, Bianchetto E, De Meo I, 2018. Comparing Thinning System Effects on Ecosystem Services Provision in Artificial Black Pine (Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold) Forests. Forests 9: 188-204. https://doi.org/10.3390/f9040188
Matthes U, Kelly PK, Douglas WL, 2008. Predicting the age of ancient Thuja occidentalis on cliffs. Can J For Res 38: 2923-2931. https://doi.org/10.1139/X08-131
Nascimbene J, Marini L, Motta R, Nimis PL, 2009. Influence of tree age, tree size and crown structure on lichen communities in mature Alpine spruce forests. Biol Conserv 18: 1509- 1522. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-008-9537-7
Neumann M, Starlinger F, 2001. The significance of different indices for stand structure and diversity in forests. For Ecol Manag 145(1-2): 91-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00577-6
Pastorella F, Avdagić A, Čabaravdić A, Mraković A, Osmanović M, Paletto A, 2016. Tourists' perception of necromass in mountain forests. Ann For Res 59: 311-326. https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2016.482
Pavari A, 1916. Studio preliminare sulla coltura di specie forestali esotiche in Italia. Ann R. Ist Sup For Naz 1 (1914-1915): 160-379.
Plutino M, Pollastrini M, Avolio S, Bernardini V, 2018. Tree inventory data of Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold subsp. calabrica (Poir.) Maire in southern Italy. Ann Silvic Res 42 (1): 43-45.
Pollastrini M, Plutino M, Avolio S, Bernardini V, 2017. Forest mensuration data of Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold subsp. calabrica (Poir.) Maire from southern Italy.
Pretzsch H, del Río M, Schütze G, Ammer C, Annighöfer P, Avdagic A, Barbeito I, Bielak K, Brazaitis G, Coll L, Drössler L, Fabrika M, Forrester DI, Kurylyak V, Löf M, Lombardi F, Matović B, Mohren F, Motta R, 2016. Mixing of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) enhances structural heterogeneity, and the effect increases with water availability. For Ecol Manag 373: 149-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.04.043
Radu S, 2006. The ecological role of deadwood in natural forests. Env Eng Sci 3: 137-141. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-47229-2_16
Rolstad J, Gjerde I, Storaunet KO, Rolstad E, 2001. Epiphytic lichens in Norwegian coastal spruce forest: historic logging and present forest structure. Ecol Applications 11: 421-436. https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[0421:ELINCS]2.0.CO;2
Scalercio S, Bonacci T, Turcio R, Bernardini V, 2016. Relationships between Psychidae communities (Lepidoptera: Tineoidea) and the ecological characteristics of old-growth forests in a beech dominated landscape. E J Entom 113: 113-121. https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2016.014
Schweingruber FH, Wirth C, 2009. Old trees and the meaning of 'old'. In: Wirth, C., Gleixner, G. & Heimann, M. (eds.). Old-growth 127 forests: function, fate and value. Ecol Studies, Springer, New York, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92706-8_3
Stanners D, Bourdeau P, (Eds.) 1995. Europe's Environments. European Environment Agency, Copenhagen. Denmark.
Swanson FJ, Franklin JF, 1992. New forestry principles from ecosystem analysis of Pacific Northwest forests. Ecol Appl 2: 262-274. https://doi.org/10.2307/1941860
UNEP/CBD/SBSTTA 2001. Invasive Aliens Species. Progress report on matters identified in decision V/5, paragraphs 5, 11 and 14 and an analysis of national reports. Convention on Biological Diversity.
Vallauri D, André J, Blondel J, 2003. Le bois mort, une lacune des forêt gérérs. Rev For Franç 2: 99-112. https://doi.org/10.4267/2042/5172
Wang Y, Titus SJ, LeMay VM, 1998. Relationships between tree slenderness coefficients and tree or stand characteristics for major species in boreal mixedwood forests. Can J of For Res 28(1995): 1171-83. https://doi.org/10.1139/x98-092
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the printed and online versions of this Journal are the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.
All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a “Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International” (CC BY 4.0) License. You may read here the basic information and the legal text of the license. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 License must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the published by the Editor, is not allowed.
