Dinámicas de regeneración en bosques de Sal (Shorea robusta) bajo el sistema de aclareo progresivo
Resumen
Objetivo del estudio: Los críticos del sistema de aclareo progresivo sostienen que la corta de regeneración en masas maduras reduce la riqueza de especies vegetales y favorece una dominancia monoespecífica de Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn. f.). En este contexto, el estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar las dinámicas de regeneración en los bosques de Sal tras la corta de regeneración.
Área de estudio: El estudio se llevó a cabo en los bosques de Sal del Terai (las tierras bajas de Nepal), donde se implementó una serie de cortas de regeneración bajo el sistema de aclareo progresivo.
Materiales y métodos: Se establecieron un total de 270 parcelas rectangulares, cada una de 10 m², distribuidas en 90 parcelas anuales de corta, asignando tres parcelas de muestreo por cada parcela de corta. En cada parcela de muestreo se contaron y midieron las plántulas y los brinzales.
Principales resultados: Las especies heliófitas dominaron tanto la capa de plántulas como la de brinzales, representando el 83% y el 92% de la densidad total, respectivamente. El índice de diversidad fue mayor en la capa de plántulas (0.80) en comparación con la de los brinzales (0.24). Dado que las parcelas más degradadas fueron tratadas primero, no se observó una tendencia clara en la diversidad de la regeneración ni en la riqueza de especies entre los distintos grupos de edad (1–3 años, 4–6 años y 7–9 años después del aprovechamiento).
Aspectos destacados de la investigación: Las aperturas favorecieron inicialmente la regeneración de especies heliófitas, y la riqueza de especies vegetales tendió a aumentar con el tiempo tras la corta de regeneración. A medida que las plántulas crecieron y se convirtieron en brinzales que generaron sombra, comenzaron a establecerse especies tolerantes a la sombra. Por tanto, la riqueza de especies estuvo influenciada por el tiempo transcurrido desde la corta de regeneración.
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