Efectos del fuego sobre diferentes grupos sucesionales de especies arbóreas en el suroeste de la Amazonia brasileña
Resumen
Objetivo del estudio: Los incendios forestales provocados por el hombre son eventos frecuentes en la selva amazónica. Estos eventos pueden provocar cambios en la composición y estructura de las comunidades vegetales. Para contribuir a este debate, este trabajo busca evaluar el efecto del fuego después de 10 años sobre la composición, abundancia y riqueza de especies arbóreas en diferentes grupos sucesionales del suroeste de la Amazonía brasileña.
Área de estudio: Este trabajo se llevó a cabo en dos fragmentos de bosque ubicados en el suroeste de la Amazonía brasileña, ambos con áreas afectadas por incendios una sola vez (áreas quemadas) y áreas no quemadas.
Material y métodos: En cada área quemada y no quemada, se establecieron parcelas de 250 x 10 m (2500 m²) para el muestreo de las especies arbóreas. Los individuos muestreados se clasificaron en tres grupos sucesionales diferentes: especies pioneras, especies secundarias tempranas y especies tolerantes.
Resultados principales: La composición de las especies arbóreas difirió entre las áreas quemadas y no quemadas, tanto cuando se incluyeron todas las especies arbóreas en el análisis como cuando se incluyeron solo las especies tolerantes. Se detectó una mayor abundancia de árboles en las zonas quemadas, considerando todas las especies y solo las especies pioneras y secundarias tempranas por separado. Únicamente la riqueza de especies secundarias tempranas difirió entre tratamientos, con valores más altos detectados en las zonas quemadas.
Aspectos destacados de la investigación: A partir de los resultados, concluimos que los cambios en la proporción de individuos y especies arbóreas en los grupos de sucesión continúan incluso después de 10 años de incendios.
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